<p>Existing railway lines in Iran is several years old, in combination with increased traffic lanes (tonnage and speed) line depreciation also increased with time left. Dlza basic repairs and maintenance of railway lines annually and is of great importance. In this regard, human resource professionals, specialized machinery, materials, and especially the specific maintenance and repairs, is of particular interest. The ballast layer of maintenance, tamping is considered as the most important. Factors affecting the tamping process ballast, the cost can be significantly reduced and the maximum operation time and the quality achieved. In this paper we describe the tamping operations, increase the efficiency of the factors affecting the efficiency of the review process ultimately results in the form of technical recommendations for increasing the efficiency of ballast tamping operation is provided.</p>